The longer a person lives with HIV, the more he or she might be at risk of neurocognitive impairment (NCI), according to a study presented Thursday, July 22, at the XVIII International AIDS Conference (IAC), taking place July 18 to 23 in Vienna. This is one explanation offered by Igor Grant, MD, from the University of California at San Diego, and his colleagues from the CHARTER study, for their finding that NCI is more prevalent now, in the modern era of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART) than in the pre-CART era.